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Appendix J Introduction to HyperText Markup Language 4: Part 2 1403

The colgroupelement can be used to group and format columns. Each col element in the

tags can format any number of columns (specified with the span attribute). Any formatting to be applied to a column or group of columns can be specified in both the colgroupand coltags. In this case, we align the text inside the leftmost column to the right. Another useful attribute to use here is width, which specifies the width of the column. Most visual Web browsers automatically format data cells to fit the data they contain. However, it is possible to make some data cells larger than others. This effect is accomplished with the rowspan and colspan attributes, which can be placed inside any data cell element. The value of the attribute specifies the number of rows or columns to be occupied by the cell, respectively. For example, rowspan=”2″tells the browser that this data cell will span the area of two vertically adjacent cells. These cells will be joined vertically (and will thus span over two rows). An example of colspanappears in line 36,
where the header cell is widened to span four cells. We also see here an example of vertical alignment formatting. The valign attribute accepts the following values: “top”, “middle”, “bottom” and “baseline”. All cells in a row whose valign attribute is set to “baseline”will have the first text line occur on a common baseline. The default vertical alignment in all data and header cells is valign=”middle”. The remaining code in Fig. J.2 demonstrates other uses of the table attributes and elements outlined above. Common Programming Error J.2 When using colspan and rowspan in table data cells, consider that the modified cells will cover the areas of other cells. Compensate for this in your code by reducing the number of cells in that row or column. If you do not, the formatting of your table will be distorted, and you could inadvertently create more columns and/or rows than you originally intended. J.4 Basic HTML Forms HTML provides several mechanisms to collect information from people viewing your site; one is the form (Fig. J.3). 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fig. J.3 Fig. J.Fig..Fi J3g. J.3J.3Simple form with hidden fields and a text box. (Part 1 of 2.) Fig.
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