Chapter 24 Accessibility 1267 The value of the longdesc attribute is a text-based URL, linked to a Web page, that describes the image associated with the attribute. When creating a Web page for the general public, it is important to consider the reading level at which it is written. Web site designers can make their sites more readable through the use of shorter words; some users may have difficulty understanding slang and other nontraditional language. Web designers often use frames to display more than one XHTML file at a time. Unfortunately, frames often lack proper descriptions, which prevents users with text-based browsers and users with visual impairments from navigating the Web site. The <![CDATA[tag allows the designer to offer alternative content to users whose browsers do not support frames. VoiceXML has tremendous implications for people with visual impairments and for illiterate people. VoiceXML, a speech recognition and synthesis technology, reads Web pages to users and understands words spoken into a microphone. A VoiceXML document is composed of a series of dialogs and subdialogs, which result in spoken interaction between the user and the computer. VoiceXML is a voice-recognition technology. CallXML, a language created and supported by Voxeo, creates phone-to-Web applications. These applications tailor themselves to the user s input. When a user accesses a CallXML application, the incoming telephone call is referred to as a session. A CallXML application can support multiple sessions that enable the application to receive multiple telephone calls at any given time. A session terminates either when the user hangs up the telephone or when the CallXML application invokes the hangup element. The contents of a CallXML application are inserted within the <callxml> tag. CallXML tags that perform similar tasks should be enclosed between the <block> and </ block> tags. To deploy a CallXML application, register with the Voxeo Community, which assigns a telephone number to the application so that other users may access it. Voxeo s logging feature enables developers to debug their telephone application by observing the conversation between the user and the application. Braille keyboards are similar to standard keyboards, except that in addition to having each key labeled with the letter it represents, braille keyboards have the equivalent braille symbol printed on the key. Most often, braille keyboards are combined with a speech synthesizer or a braille display, so users are able to interact with the computer to verify that their typing is correct. People with visual impairments are not the only beneficiaries of the effort being made to improve markup languages. Individuals with hearing impairments also have a great number of tools to help them interpret auditory information delivered over the Web. Speech synthesis is another area in which research is being done to help people with disabilities. Open-source software for people with visual impairments already exists and is often superior to most of its proprietary, closed-source counterparts. However, it still does not use the Linux OS to its fullest extent. People with hearing impairments will soon benefit from what is called Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL). This markup language is designed to add extra tracks layers of content found within a single audio or video file. The additional tracks can contain such data as closed captioning. <br />Looking for affordable and reliable webhost to host and run your business application? Then look no more and go to <a href="http://mysql5.premiumwebsitehosting.net">servlet web hosting</a> services.
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