Chapter 24 Accessibility 1235 Look-and-Feel Observation 24.1 Always provide titles for frames to ensure that user agents that do not support frames have alternatives. Look-and-Feel Observation 24.2 Include a title for each frame s contents with the frame element; if possible, provide links to the individual pages within the frameset, so that users still can navigate through the Web pages. To provide alternative content to browsers that do not support frames, use the <![CDATA[ tag. This also improves access for browsers that offer limited support for frames. WCAG 1.0 suggests using Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) as an alternative to frames, because CSS can provide similar functionality and is highly customizible. Unfortunately, the ability to display multiple XHTML documents in a single browser window requires the complete support of HTML 4, which is not widespread. However, the second generation of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS2) can display a single document as if it were several documents. CSS2 is not yet fully supported by many user agents. 24.10 Accessibility in XML XML gives developers the freedom to create new markup languages. Although this feature provides many advantages, the new languages might not incorporate accessibility features. To prevent the proliferation of inaccessible languages, the WAI is developing guidelines the XML Guidelines (XML GL) to facilitate the creation of accessible XML documents. The XML Guidelines recommend including a text description, similar to XHTML s <alt> tag, for each non-text object on a page. To enhance accessibility further, element types should allow grouping and classification and should identify important content. Without an accessible user interface, other efforts to implement accessibility are less effective. Therefore, it is essential to create stylesheets that can produce multiple outputs, including document outlines. Many XML languages, including Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), have implemented several of the WAI guidelines. The WAI XML Accessibility Guidelines can be found at www.w3.org/WAI/PF/ xmlgl.htm. 24.11 Using Voice Synthesis and Recognition with VoiceXML A joint effort by AT&T , IBM , Lucent and Motorola has created an XML vocabulary that marks up information for use by speech synthesizers, or tools that enable computers to speak to users. This technology, called VoiceXML, can provide tremendous benefits to people with visual impairments and to people who are illiterate. VoiceXML-enabled applications read Web pages to the user and then employ speech recognition technology to understand words spoken into a microphone. An example of a speech-recognition tool is IBM s ViaVoice (www-4.ibm.com/software/speech). To learn more about speech recognition and synthesis, consult Chapter 16, Graphics and Multimedia. The VoiceXML interpreter and the VoiceXML browser process VoiceXML. In the future, Web browsers might incorporate these interpreters. VoiceXML is derived from XML, so VoiceXML is platform independent. When a VoiceXML document is loaded, a voice server sends a message to the VoiceXML browser and begins a verbal conversation between the user and the computer. <br />Please visit <a href="http://domain.a1websitehosting.net">Domain Name Hosting</a> services for high quality webhost to host and run your jsp applications.
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