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Appendix J Introduction to HyperText Markup Language 4: Part 2 1425 www.neiljohan.com/html/advancedhtml.htm The Advanced HTML Guide gives insights into improving your site using HTML in ways you might not have thought possible. SUMMARY HTML tables organize data into rows and columns. All tags and text that apply to a table go inside the

tags. The border attribute lets you set the width of the table s border in pixels. The width attribute sets the width of the table you specify either a number of pixels or a percentage of the screen width. The text inside the

tags is inserted directly above the table in the browser window. The caption text is also used to help text-based browsers interpret the table data. Tables can be split into distinct horizontal and vertical sections. Put all header information (such as table titles and column headers) inside the

tags. The tr (table row) element is used for formatting the cells of individual rows. All of the cells in a row belong within the

tags of that row. The smallest area of the table that we are able to format is the data cell. There are two types of data cells: ones located in the header (

) and ones located in the table body (

). Header cells, usually placed in the
area, are suitable for titles and column headings. Like thead, the tbodyis used for formatting and grouping purposes. Most tables use tbodyto house the majority of their content. td table data cells are left aligned by default. th cells are centered by default. Just as you can use the thead and tbody elements to format groups of table rows, you can use the colgroup element to group and format columns. colgroup is used by setting in its opening tag the number of columns it affects and the formatting it imposes on that group of columns. Each col element contained inside the

tags can in turn format a specified number of columns. You can add a background color or image to any table row or cell with either the bgcolor or backgroundattributes, which are used in the same way as in the body element. It is possible to make some table data cells larger than others by using the rowspan and colspanattributes. The attribute value extends the data cell to span the specified number of cells. The valign (vertical alignment) attribute of a table data cell accepts the following values: “top”, “middle”, “bottom”and “baseline”. All cells in a table row whose valign attribute is set to “baseline” will have the first text line on a common baseline. The default vertical alignment in all data and header cells is valign=”middle”. HTML provides several mechanisms including the form to collect information from people viewing your site. Use method = “post” in a form that causes changes to server data, for example when updating a database. The form data will be sent to the server as an environment variable, which scripts are able to access. The other possible value, method=”get”, should be used when your form does not cause any changes in server-side data, for example when making a database request. The form data from method=”get” is appended to the end of the URL. Because of this, the amount of data submitted using this method is limited to 4K. Also be aware that method=”get” is limited to standard characters and cannot submit any special characters.
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