Appendix I Introduction to (Web design conference) HyperText Markup Language 4:
Appendix I Introduction to HyperText Markup Language 4: Part 1 1393 The document type specifies which version of HTML is used in the document and can be used with a validation tool, such as the W3C s validator.w3.org, to ensure an HTML document conforms to the HTML specification. tells the browser that everything contained between the opening tag and the closing tag is HTML. Comments in HTML always begin with and can span across several source lines. The browser ignores any text and/or tags placed inside a comment. Every HTML file is separated into a header section and a body. Including a title is mandatory for every HTML document. Use the tags to do so. They are placed inside the header.
opens the body element. The body of an HTML document is the area where you place all content you would like browsers to display. All text between the tags forms one paragraph. Most browsers render paragraphs as set apart from all other material on the page by a line of vertical space both before and after the paragraph. Headers are a simple form of text formatting that typically increase text size based on the header s level (h1 through h6). They are often used to delineate new sections and subsections of a page. The purpose of HTML is to mark up text; the question of how it is presented is left to the browser itself. People who have difficulty seeing can use special browsers that read the text on the screen aloud. These browsers (which are text based and do not show images, colors or graphics) might read strong and em with different inflections to convey the impact of the styled text to the user. You should close tags in the reverse order from that in which they were started to ensure proper nesting. The most important capability of HTML is creating hyperlinks to documents on any server to form a worldwide network of linked documents and information. Links are inserted with the a (anchor) element. To specify the address you would like to link to, add the href attribute to the anchor element, with the address as the value of href. Anchors can link to email addresses. When someone clicks this type of anchored link, their default email program initiates an email message to the linked address. The term pixel stands for picture element . Each pixel represents one dot of color on the screen. You specify the location of the image file with the src = “location” attribute in the tag. You can specify the height and widthof an image, measured in pixels. alt is provided for browsers that cannot view pictures or that have images turned off (text-based browsers, for example). The value of the alt attribute will appear on screen in place of the image, giving the user an idea of what was in the image. You can refer to files in different directories by including the directory name in the correct format in the srcattribute. You can insert an image from a different Web site onto your site (after obtaining permission from the site s owner). Just make the src attribute reflects the location and name of the image file. The br element forces a line break. If the br element is placed inside a text area, the text begins a new line at the place of the
tag. HTML 4.01 has a provision for inserting special characters and symbols. All special characters are inserted in the format of the code, always &code;. An example of this is &, which inserts an ampersand. Codes are often abbreviated forms of the character (like amp for ampersand and copy
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