Appendix G Unicode 1359 UTF-8 is a
Appendix G Unicode 1359 UTF-8 is a variable-width encoding form that is more compact for text involving mostly Latin characters and ASCII punctuation. UTF-16 is the default encoding form of the Unicode Standard. It is a variable width encoding form that uses 16-bit code units instead of bytes. Most characters are represented by a single unit, but some characters require surrogate pairs. Surrogates are 16-bit integers in the range D800 through DFFF, which are used solely for the purpose of escaping into higher numbered characters. Without surrogate pairs, the UTF-16 encoding form can only encompass 65,000 characters, but with the surrogate pairs, this is expanded to include over a million characters. UTF-32 is a 32-bit encoding form. The major advantage of the fixed-width encoding form is that it uniformly expresses all characters, so that they are easy to handle in arrays and so forth. The Unicode Standard consists of characters. A character is any written component that can be represented by a numeric value. Characters are represented using glyphs, various shapes, fonts and sizes for displaying characters. Code values are bit combinations that represent encoded characters. The Unicode notation for a code value is U+yyyy in which U+ refers to the Unicode code values, as opposed to other hexadecimal values. The yyyy represents a four-digit hexadecimal number. Currently, the Unicode Standard provides code values for 94,140 character representations. An advantage of the Unicode Standard is its impact on the overall performance of the international economy. Applications that conform to an encoding standard can be processed easily by computers anywhere. Another advantage of the Unicode Standard is its portability. Applications written in Unicode can be easily transferred to different operating systems, databases, Web browsers, etc. Most companies currently support, or are planning to support, Unicode. To obtain more information about the Unicode Standard and the Unicode Consortium, visit www.unicode.org. It contains a link to the code charts, which contain the 16-bit code values for the currently encoded characters. The Unicode Standard has become the default encoding system for XML and any language derived from XML, such as XHTML. The C# IDE uses Unicode UTF-16 encoding to represent all characters. When marking up C# documents, the entity reference uyyyy is used, where yyyy represents the hexadecimal code value. TERMINOLOGY uyyyy notation hexadecimal notation ASCII localization block multi-byte character set (MBCS) character portability character set script code value surrogate diacritic symbol double-byte character set (DBCS) unambiguous (Unicode design basis) efficient (Unicode design basis) Unicode Consortium encode Unicode design basis entity reference Unicode Standard glyph Unicode Transformation Format (UTF)
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