Affordable web design - 1452 Introduction to XHTML: Part 1 Appendix K
1452 Introduction to XHTML: Part 1 Appendix K Validation services (e.g., validator.w3.org) ensure that an XHTML document is syntactically correct. Every XHTML document contains a start tag and an end tag. Comments in XHTML always begin with . The browser ignores all text inside a comment. Every XHTML document has a headelement, which generally contains information, such as a title, and a bodyelement, which contains the page content. Information in the head element generally is not rendered in the display window, but it may be made available to the user through other means. The title element names a Web page. The title usually appears in the colored bar (called the title bar) at the top of the browser window and also appears as the text identifying a page when users add your page to their list of Favorites or Bookmarks. The body of an XHTML document is the area in which the document s content is placed. The content may include text and tags. All text placed between the
and
tags forms one paragraph. XHTML provides six headers (h1 through h6) for specifying the relative importance of information. Header element h1 is considered the most significant header and is rendered in a larger font than the other five headers. Each successive header element (i.e., h2, h3, etc.) is rendered in a smaller font. Web browsers typically underline text hyperlinks and color them blue by default. The tag renders text in a bold font. Users can insert links with the a(anchor) element. The most important attribute for the a element is href, which specifies the resource (e.g., page, file or e-mail address) being linked. Anchors can link to an e-mail address, using a mailto URL. When someone clicks this type of anchored link, most browsers launch the default e-mail program (e.g., Outlook Express) to initiate an e-mail message to the linked address. The img element s src attribute specifies an image s location. Optional attributes width and height specify the image width and height, respectively. Images are measured in pixels ( picture elements ), which represent dots of color on the screen. Every img element in a valid XHTML document must have an altattribute, which contains text that is displayed if the client cannot render the image. The alt attribute makes Web pages more accessible to users with disabilities, especially those with vision impairments. Some XHTML elements are empty elements, contain only attributes and do not mark up text. Empty elements (e.g., img) must be terminated, either by using the forward slash character (/) or by explicitly writing an end tag. The br element causes most browsers to render a line break. Any markup or text following a br element is rendered on the next line. XHTML provides special characters or entity references (in the form &code;) for representing characters that cannot be marked up. Most browsers render a horizontal rule, indicated by the
tag, as a horizontal line. The hr element also inserts a line break above and below the horizontal line. The unordered list element ulcreates a list in which each item in the list begins with a bullet symbol (called a disc). Each entry in an unordered list is an li (list item) element. Most Web browsers render these elements with a line break and a bullet symbol at the beginning of the line. Lists may be nested to represent hierarchical data relationships. Attribute type specifies the sequence type (i.e., the set of numbers or letters used in the ordered list).
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