1160 Data Structures and (Most popular web site) Collections Chapter 23 firstNode(a)
1160 Data Structures and Collections Chapter 23 firstNode(a) 7 1112 lastNode 5 (b) firstNode current lastNode 7 1112 5 removeItem Fig. 23.9 Fig. 23.Fig. 23.FF9ig. 23.9ig.9A graphical representation of the RemoveFromBackoperaton. 23. i 23.4 Stacks A stack is a constrained version of a linked list a stack takes new nodes and releases nodes only at the top. For this reason, a stack is referred to as a last-in, first-out (LIFO) data structure. The link member in the bottom (i.e., last) node of the stack is set to nullto indicate the bottom of the stack. The primary operations to manipulate a stack are push and pop. Operation push adds a new node to the top of the stack. Operation pop removes a node from the top of the stack and returns the item from the popped node. Stacks have many interesting applications. For example, when a program calls a method, the called method must know how to return to its caller, so the return address is pushed onto the program execution stack. If a series of method calls occurs, the successive return values are pushed onto the stack in last-in, first-out order so that each method can return to its caller. Stacks support recursive method calls in the same manner that they do conventional nonrecursive method calls. The program-execution stack contains the space created for local variables on each invocation of a method during a program s execution. When the method returns to its caller, the space for that method’s local variables is popped off the stack, and those variables are no longer known to the program. The System.Collections namespace contains class Stack for implementing and manipulating stacks that can grow and shrink during program execution. Section 23.7 discusses class Stack.
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